Numerous studies have shown that this peptide may represent numerous opportunities for competent scientists to investigate, especially cartilage regeneration and fatty tissue mitigation.

What is Fragment 176-191 peptide?

This synthetic amino acid sequence mimics the hGH sequence, starting from position 177 to position 191.

AOD 9604, or “lipolytic extract,” is another name for Fragment 176-191. Many researchers argue that Fragment 177-191 may be an important research compound in the context of obesity. They believe it can potentially burn fat in animal models in laboratory settings.

Despite positive results, Fragment 176-191 hasn’t been used for human research purposes and doesn’t have official medical approvals.  

Growth hormone

According to research, it appears that hGH Fragment 176-191 may not produce any side effects often related to hGH supplementation. Several adverse effects, such as, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and increases in IGF-a levels, have cast doubt on hGH’s use as an obesity treatment. However, when it comes to hGH Fragment 176-191, it doesn’t seem to be impacting blood IGF-1 levels or negatively affecting carbohydrate metabolism.

A trial conducted on Zucker rats in 2000 showed no detrimental effects on insulin sensitivity. Also, an investigation on obese mice done in 2001 did not seem to affect insulin secretion.

Properties

Studies conducted on animals suggest that this peptide can exhibit significant theoretical properties, which will be outlined below:

• The main potential of this Fragment is its lipolytic properties or, in other words, fat-reducing potential. While growth hormones promote development in infancy, they have also been speculated to have an important purpose in maturity.
• Lipoprotein lipase inhibitors may be activated in fat cells,
• By stimulating lipolysis in adipocytes may lead to a decrease in fat cell bulk,
• It might lead to loss of fat from the host body,

Weight

A 14-day trial researching overweight mice came to a conclusion that Fragment 176-191 may have increased skeletal muscle thermogenesis and boosted fat burning.

The study results indicated that this peptide may have enhanced beta (3)-AR RNA (ADRB3) levels, which caused rapid weight reduction in overweight animals but didn’t have much effect on lean mice.

Cartilage

Based on other animal research, it appears that hGH Fragment 176-191 may boost the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA). When Fragment 176-191 was combined with hyaluronic acid, it might boost cartilage formation in white rabbits which have issues with osteoporosis.

References:

Habibullah MM, Mohan S, Syed NK, Makeen HA, Jamal QMS, Alothaid H, Bantun F, Alhazmi A, Hakamy A, Kaabi YA, Samlan G, Lohani M, Thangavel N, Al-Kasim MA. Human Growth Hormone Fragment 176-191 Peptide Enhances the Toxicity of Doxorubicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022 Jun 27;16:1963-1974. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S367586. PMID: 35783198; PMCID: PMC9249349.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0304416582900332

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Human-Growth-Hormone-Fragment-176%E2%80%93191-Peptide-the-Habibullah-Mohan/574cee96c109525005b03688cedaa447ba46b3e8

Habibullah, Mahmoud & Mohan, Syam & Syed, Nabeel & Makeen, Hafiz & Jamal, Qazi & Alothaid, Hani & Bantun, Farkad & Hakamy, Ali & Kaabi, Yahia & Samlan, Ghalia & Lohani, Mohtashim & Thangavel, Neelaveni & Al-Kasim, Mohamed. (2022). Human Growth Hormone Fragment 176–191 Peptide Enhances the Toxicity of Doxorubicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 16. 1963. 10.2147/DDDT.S367586.

Semax is an interesting nootropic that can capture the attention of researchers, health professionals, and enthusiasts alike. It was originally developed in Russia back in the 1980s and 1990s. Nowadays, Semax is believed to enhance a range of cognitive and neuroprotective properties.

Many know this peptide by its trade name, such as Semaxum, and it has been extensively researched by institutions such as the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Science.

What is Semax?

Semax is a peptide best known for its neurogenic, neuroprotective, and nootropic properties. It was developed based on the molecular structure of ACTH or adrenocorticotropic hormone. Preliminary studies in small-scale human trials, animals, and cells indicate potential benefits of Semax use.

In the U.S. and multiple countries around the world, this component is the basis for a number of medicines that are used in clinical practices for the treatment of optic nerve atrophy, dys-circulatory encephalopathy, and ischemic brain stroke.

Potential benefits

Some of the benefits Semax may include:

• Increased short-term memory and attention
• Better non-proliferative diabetic neuropathy
• Can assist during recovery from hypoxia/stroke
• Can help with glaucoma optic neuropathy
• May act as an analgesic
• It may help in treating ADHD
• It may help protect the brain from various types of damage and stress

How Does Semax Work?

Semax increases BDNF or brain-derived neurotrophic factor. BDNF is one of the most active neurotrophins, which help control and stimulate neurogenesis, creating new neurons in the brain. This component helps support neuroplasticity, allowing nerve cells in the brain to adapt to new situations and recover from injury.

Additionally, BDNF encourages the survival of existing neurons and supports the growth, creation, and regeneration of new synapses and neurons.

This nootropic also helps minimize the breakdown of enkephalins. Enkephalins are mostly involved in reducing inflammation, decreasing pain, boosting immune cell activity, and preventing cancer cell growth.

They also play a role in pain, emotional behavior, learning, and memory. Balanced enkephalins are necessary to maintain normal brain function. Therefore, researchers are led to believe that Semax may potentially relieve pain. However, more research is needed to confirm the preliminary findings.

References:

Medvedeva EV, Dmitrieva VG, Povarova OV, Limborska SA, Skvortsova VI, Myasoedov NF, Dergunova LV. The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia: genome-wide transcriptional analysis. BMC Genomics. 2014 Mar 24;15:228. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-228. PMID: 24661604; PMCID: PMC3987924.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306987706005391

https://www.alzdiscovery.org/uploads/cognitive_vitality_media/Semax-Cognitive-Vitality-For-Researchers.pdf

Gusev, E. & Martinov, Michail & Kostenko, E. & Petrova, Lyudmila & Bobyreva, S.. (2018). The efficacy of semax in the tretament of patients at different stages of ischemic stroke. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 118. 61. 10.17116/jnevro20181183261-68.